The possession of drug paraphernalia in Florida can lead to significant legal consequences, even for objects that might seem innocent. Drug paraphernalia includes items used to produce, store, or consume controlled substances. This can range from pipes and bongs to plastic bags or spoons if linked to drugs.
The penalties for possession of drug paraphernalia include fines, potential jail time, and a criminal record, all of which can affect your future. Understanding how courts determine whether an item qualifies as paraphernalia and what defenses may be available is essential.
Florida courts consider several factors when determining whether an object is classified as paraphernalia. These include the object’s proximity to controlled substances, any residue found on the object, and how the object was displayed or advertised.
By understanding these factors and how they play a role in a paraphernalia charge, you can better prepare to fight the charges. If you’re facing accusations, the experienced attorneys at Moses & Rooth Attorneys at Law can guide you through the legal process and work to protect your rights.
Definition of Drug Paraphernalia
The term drug paraphernalia is defined in Florida Statute 893.145 to mean all equipment, products, and materials of any kind that which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in
- planting,
- propagating,
- cultivating,
- growing,
- harvesting,
- manufacturing,
- compounding,
- converting,
- producing,
- processing,
- preparing,
- testing,
- analyzing,
- packaging,
- repackaging,
- storing,
- containing,
- concealing,
- transporting,
- injecting,
- ingesting,
- inhaling, or
- otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance.
Possession of drug paraphernalia involves the possession of the object used in relation to controlled substances.
Florida statutes related to possession of drug paraphernalia Florida cover a range of activities involving drug paraphernalia. Here are examples of how each term is used:
- Plant—growing illegal plants such as marijuana;
- Propagate—spreading or breeding controlled substances like cannabis;
- Cultivate—tending drug plants, such as watering or providing care for marijuana plants;
- Grow—developing illegal plants to maturity, like raising cannabis from seedlings;
- Harvest—collecting controlled substances, such as cutting cannabis buds for sale;
- Manufacture—creating illegal drugs, such as producing methamphetamine;
- Compound—mixing chemicals to form a controlled drug, such as making synthetic drugs;
- Convert—changing a legal substance into an illegal one, such as extracting THC from cannabis and putting it into something else;
- Produce—generating illegal drugs through chemical or agricultural processes;
- Process—treating raw materials to create drugs, such as refining coca leaves into cocaine;
- Prepare—packaging or portioning drugs for sale or use, such as splitting heroin into small bags;
- Test—analyzing a substance to determine its drug content, such as testing cocaine purity;
- Analyze—breaking down a substance to identify its chemical properties, like assessing drug components;
- Pack—storing drugs in a container for sale or transport, such as bagging cocaine;
- Repack—redistributing drugs into smaller portions, such as repackaging marijuana into smaller bags;
- Store—keeping controlled substances in a location, such as hiding drugs in a car;
- Contain—holding drugs in a particular container, such as using a stash box for pills;
- Conceal—hiding drugs to prevent detection, like stashing substances in a hidden compartment.
It is also illegal to use drug paraphernalia to inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance.
What Is Drug Paraphernalia?
Many people assume that possession of drug paraphernalia includes possessing tools that are designed to be used with controlled substances.
On the contrary, the possession of everyday household objects can count as drug paraphernalia under the right circumstances.
Drug paraphernalia can include:
- Pipes,
- Syringes,
- Bongs,
- Rolling papers,
- Kitchen scales,
- Crack pipes,
- Syringes, and
- Even plastic zip bags.
If circumstances suggest that you used these items for the purpose of using drugs, you could be charged with possessing drug paraphernalia.
Manufacture or Delivery of Drug Paraphernalia Is Illegal in Florida
It is also illegal for any person to deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver drug paraphernalia.
The defendant must be manufacturing or delivering drug paraphernalia with the intent to plant, grow, produce, store, inject, ingest, or conceal a controlled substance.
Transporting drug paraphernalia, knowing it will be used to transport a controlled substance or contraband, is also illegal in Florida.
Penalties for Drug Paraphernalia Charges in Florida
Possession of drug paraphernalia is a first-degree misdemeanor in Florida. Those who are convicted of Possession of drug paraphernalia face up to a year in a Florida county jail or a year of probation with a $1,000 fine.
In many cases, defendants will face additional charges along with the drug paraphernalia charges. Many people defendants face drug paraphernalia and drug possession charges at the same time.
What Is Possession of Drug Paraphernalia?
In Florida, courts rely on several factors to determine whether an object is considered drug paraphernalia. These factors play a key role in building a case and can directly affect the outcome. Let’s break down the most important considerations.
Proximity to the Object
The closer the object is to you, the easier it is for the prosecutor to argue that you had control over it. For example, if a pipe is found in your purse or pocket, it strengthens the argument that you were in possession of paraphernalia.
Proximity of the Object to a Controlled Substance
If the item is found near a controlled substance—such as a syringe next to heroin—it provides strong evidence that the object was used for illegal purposes. This proximity is often a key factor when determining intent.
Residue of Controlled Substance on the Object
When an object contains residue from a controlled substance, it strongly indicates that the item was used as paraphernalia. For instance, finding cocaine residue in a straw or marijuana in a pipe serves as powerful evidence.
Instructions or Descriptive Materials with the Object
If the item comes with instructions or materials describing its use for drugs, it can be used as evidence that the object was intended for drug use. An example might be rolling papers with instructions for rolling a joint.
Any Advertising Concerning Its Use
Objects that are advertised for drug-related use—such as bongs with cannabis imagery on the packaging—can also be classified as paraphernalia. Courts often consider this type of marketing when determining the intent behind the object’s use.
The Manner in Which the Object Was Displayed for Sale
The way an object is displayed in a store can indicate whether it’s intended for drug use. For example, pipes sold in shops that specialize in drug-related items may be more easily classified as paraphernalia.
Expert Testimony Regarding Its Use
In some cases, expert witnesses may be brought in to explain how an object is commonly used in connection with drugs. For example, a drug expert might testify that certain types of pipes are typically used for methamphetamine, which can influence the court’s decision.
All these factors are considered together when determining whether an item is classified as drug paraphernalia. By understanding these criteria, you and your attorney can develop a defense strategy tailored to your situation.
Defenses Against Drug Paraphernalia Charges in Florida
The defendant can raise the defense of temporary possession. In this defense, the defendant argues that he or she was only transporting the paraphernalia to another person and was not the true owner. If law enforcement discovered the paraphernalia during the defendant’s drug overdose, the defendant can ask the court to suppress the evidence.
As always, defendants can argue that law enforcement exceeded their authority when they searched the defendant’s vehicle or house. Also, if law enforcement did not have a legally valid search warrant, or searched the home in bad faith, the defendant could request that the court throw the evidence out.
Finally, defendants can argue that they were not in actual or constructive possession of the drug paraphernalia.
Some of the potential defenses include:
- Temporary possession,
- Fourth Amendment violation due to unlawful search and seizure – this could be an unlawful search of your vehicle or an unlawful search of your pockets,
- Drug overdose defense, or
- Constructive possession.
Your attorney will review the discovery and advise you on the likely success of each defense and others—given the facts of your case.
Why You Need an Experienced Criminal Defense Lawyer
If you’ve been charged with possession of drug paraphernalia in Florida, it’s important to understand that there are many defenses that can reduce or eliminate your exposure.
At Moses & Rooth Attorneys at Law, we have represented many clients in criminal defense cases. We fight hard for our clients throughout the entire process. We investigate our client’s claims to find all of the relevant evidence to show that our client is not guilty.
Contact our law firm today to schedule your free case evaluation.
Drug Paraphernalia Resources
Florida Statute 893.145 – Drug Paraphernalia defined
Florida Statutes 893.147 – Drug Paraphernalia criminal statute
Florida Statute 893.21 – Drug Overdose Defense
Florida Statute 893.146 – Determination of Paraphernalia
Some Drug Paraphernalia Street Terms:
Bag, bindle, bowl, chipper, dime bag, dug out, gear, head shop, kit, one hitter, piece, pinchie, rig, roach clip, artillery